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My opinion may or may not be of interest to anyone here, but currently, Orthodox Jews determine someone's Jewish descent through the maternal -- not the paternal -- line.
http://www.jewfaq.org/whoisjew.htm
Also, under Roman rule, anyone who lived in their province called "Judea" was considered, and was called a "Jew." However, I believe that in the OT, every person that was referred to as a "Jew" was either of the tribe of Benjamin or the tribe of Judah. This would be because the kingdom of Judah was comprised of Judah and Benjamin (Simeon had been absorbed by Judah).
http://www.jewfaq.org/whoisjew.htm
Also, under Roman rule, anyone who lived in their province called "Judea" was considered, and was called a "Jew." However, I believe that in the OT, every person that was referred to as a "Jew" was either of the tribe of Benjamin or the tribe of Judah. This would be because the kingdom of Judah was comprised of Judah and Benjamin (Simeon had been absorbed by Judah).